Somewhere between touring for The Bends, Radiohead's stinging sophomore album, and recording OK Computer, a beautifully atmospheric record that twists through
themes of isolation, aliens and anarchy, singer Thom Yorke decided to
bar-hop in Los Angeles one night. But what began as a festive evening
soon became a nightmare, as Yorke found himself surrounded by parasitic
scene-stalkers intent on extracting a pound of Yorke-flesh.
"The people I saw that night were just like demons from another planet,"
says Yorke, now safely ensconced in a New York hotel. "Everyone was
trying to get something out of me. I felt like my own self was
collapsing in the presence of it, but I also felt completely, utterly
part of it, like it was all going to come crashing down any minute."
That night inspired "Paranoid Android," a song that sums up OK
Computer's claustrophobic blend of melancholic beauty and
nerve-rattling aggression. Surging through ethereal acoustic passages
and punkish, guitar-mauled explosions, the song ends with a choir that
seems a plea for heavenly forgiveness.
"It's about being exposed to God, I dunno," says Yorke. "It was that one
night, really. We'd been rehearsing the song for months, but the lyrics
came to me at five o'clock that morning. I was trying to sleep when I
literally heard these voices that wouldn't leave me alone. They were the
voices of the people I'd heard in the bar. It turned out to be a
notorious, coke-fiend place. But I didn't know that. Basically it's just
about chaos, chaos, utter fucking chaos."
Accompanied by mostly silent guitarist Jonny Greenwood--a gaunt figure
who often plays in a cast to stabilize his arm--Yorke sits patiently,
but sometimes acts like nervous little boy. Covering his head with his
hands or pulling his sweater up to hide his face, Yorke talks (and
writes) in disguise. Unsure of the American press machine, he remains
guarded while alluding to fears of travel, emotional release and
self-immolation--core themes of OK Computer.
"I didn't want to deal with personal stuff this time," he explains. "It
seemed really offensive for some middle-class white boy to talk about
how miserable his personal life is. And I was a different person than
the guy who got really drunk on the back of the bus and wrote the lyrics
to The Bends. [So] if this sounds despondent, it's not me. I'm
just absorbing what was around me."
When the Generation X, slacker anthem "Creep" rocketed the band to fame
in the early '90s, Radiohead were viewed as one-hit wonders attaching
themselves to the American penchant for self-loathing. So it was no
surprise when The Bends met with early disinterest. But with
cathartic, intimate songs like "High And Dry" and "Fake Plastic Trees"
(and a Radiohead spot opening for R.E.M.), the album went gold worldwide
and landed on most critics' year-end lists. Still, all was not well in
the Radiohead camp.
"Our little microcosm blew to smithereens," recalls Yorke. "We made a
record we thought was okay; as time went on it got its own momentum and
things became more exciting. Touring with R.E.M. was a mind-blowing
experience. I was just watching it all happen, just lost in space
hurtling around in the energy of it sometimes, then being utterly
terrified at other times. Nothing was in our control. All the stuff in
'Paranoid Android' terrified me. The voices and the peoples' faces
changing shape. And ambition. That's in my head, this feeling that it's
all going to come absolutely crashing down."
Too diverse to tie into a single concept, save Yorke's emotional
rollercoaster ride, OK Computer touches upon everything from UFOs
and aliens ("Subterranean Homesick Alien") to sobering allusions to
suicide ("Climbing Up The Walls"). Lest anyone think Radiohead lack a
sense of humor, OK Computer offers "Fitter, Happier," in which a
computer recites a litany of desirable personality traits ("still cries
at a good film, still kisses with saliva"), the Kinks-like "Karma
Police" and the sweeping "No Surprises," which Yorke insists is a
"fucked-up nursery rhyme. A desperate bid to try and get back to
normalcy and failing miserably. It stems from my unhealthy obsession of
what to do with plastic boxes and plastic bottles. You can't throw them
all away. Then I got into landfills and general household things. I find
landfills really curious. All this stuff is getting buried, the debris
of our lives. It doesn't rot, it just stays there. That's how we deal,
that's how I deal with stuff, I bury it."
And while "Paranoid Android" ponders alien isolation, "Subterranean
Homesick Alien" actually longs for extraterrestrial contact, describing
aliens "who makes home movies for the folks back home" over a ringing
scape of Pink Floyd-like production. The song finds Yorke daydreaming,
leaving his troubles behind as he floats through the galaxy in an alien
craft. "I'm like most people; I'd love to be abducted," says Yorke.
"Then they'd have something for the rest of their lives. It's the
ultimate madness. So many people go loopy when they're abducted, whether
you believe it or not. But if you take away the word 'alien' and replace
it with the word 'ghost,' it becomes less hysterical. Everyone believes
in ghosts. Surely that is more significant than little green men, isn't
it?"
But as with much of the album, concerns soon return to the feeling of
powerlessness many feel in an age dominated by computers, global
conglomerates and media-induced shallowness. "Exit Music" is a suicide
tale, "Let Down" tells of "disappointed people...crushed like a bug on
the ground," while "Airbag" seems to describe an alien crash-landing to
earth. "To actually start singing about aliens is a very charged image,"
says Yorke, pausing to stare out the window into Manhattan rush hour
traffic. "For me, all the crap TV shows, like X-Files, are
symptomatic of people trying to find angels. The crash thing is me
obsessing about the idea that when we get in a car or a plane we don't
know if we're going to get out again. You're constantly aware of your
own death, man. [laughs] It represents the emotional, psychological
limbo that we're in all the time. You get in a car thinking you're safe,
yet you're this far away from hurtling around a corner and having a
juggernaut slam into you."
Recorded in a renovated apple-shed called Canned
Applause, Radiohead--including Phil Selway (drums), Ed O'Brien (guitar)
and Colin Greenwood (bass)--experimented with classic tape-looping
techniques to create the album's ominous collection of whirs and buzzes,
often spinning tape reels around the studio rather than use trendy
samplers. "Tape loops sound better cause they're more elastic," spouts
up Jonny, who is responsible for much of the album's sonic delirium.
"The Bee Gees used to do all their dance tracks by actually measuring
every drum beat so it was exactly the right length. Then they'd make a
loop. That's why it sounds so good. That was our guide." The band also
used an ancient Mellotron for its eerie choirs and dreamily oceanic
rumbles, preferring organic sources to computer-controlled sterility.
Self-sufficiency is a Radiohead trademark, reflecting their stubborn,
rebellious attitude towards the powers-that-be, those shadowy entities
that slowly slime their way into our everyday lives, causing an impotent
miasma in the masses. "I think people are less aware that their voice
can actually count for anything now," says Yorke. "I've grown up with my
friends believing that we could never genuinely change anything. That's
the total opposite of the '60s. There's not a chance we can change a
thing. It's all over. It's in the hands of people who own your credit
rating and all the computer data."
So with its cynical stabs and alien episodes, is OK Computer
ultimately an uplifting work?
"Yes. It's uplifting in the sense that you start in one point and end up
at a different point, without knowing how you got there. There is no
resolution, which really upset me at first. But now I really like that.
It would have been disappointing if there had been resolution. We had to
take risks like that to balance the pressure that was upon us. There was
so much expectation, which made us really nervous and confused. To
create our own space and deal with it we had to experiment and ramble.
There was a sound we had in our heads which was the sound that was going
to make everything alright. And we got it."